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Osteoarthritis

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Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, characterized by the gradual wear and tear of joint cartilage — the smooth, protective tissue that cushions the ends of bones. As the cartilage wears down, joints become painful, stiff, and swollen, affecting daily movement and quality of life.

While it can affect any joint, osteoarthritis most often involves the knees, hips, hands, and spine. With early diagnosis and appropriate management, pain can be effectively reduced and joint function preserved.

Symptoms of Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis symptoms develop gradually and worsen over time. Common signs include:

  • Joint pain during or after movement
  • Morning stiffness or stiffness after rest
  • Swelling and tenderness around the joint
  • Decreased range of motion or flexibility
  • Grinding or crackling sensation when moving joints (crepitus)
  • Bone spurs or visible joint deformity in advanced cases

Causes & Risk Factors

Osteoarthritis results from a combination of factors that lead to cartilage breakdown and joint inflammation. Common causes and risk factors include:

  • Aging: The most common cause due to natural cartilage wear.
  • Joint injury or overuse: Sports injuries or repetitive stress can damage joints.
  • Obesity: Excess weight puts strain on weight-bearing joints like knees and hips.
  • Genetics: Family history may increase susceptibility to OA.
  • Gender: Women are more likely to develop osteoarthritis after the age of 50.
  • Bone deformities: Misaligned joints or congenital bone conditions.

Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis

Diagnosis is based on symptoms, physical examination, and imaging tests to assess joint structure and function. Diagnostic evaluations may include:

  • Detailed medical history and joint examination
  • X-rays to detect joint space narrowing and bone spurs
  • MRI to evaluate cartilage and soft tissue damage
  • Blood tests to rule out other types of arthritis (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)

Early diagnosis allows for timely management, preventing further joint deterioration and disability.

Treatment & Management of Osteoarthritis

Although there is no cure for osteoarthritis, effective treatments can significantly relieve symptoms and improve joint function. Management options include:

  • Pain relief with NSAIDs and topical analgesics
  • Physiotherapy and low-impact exercises to strengthen muscles
  • Weight management to reduce joint load
  • Joint injections (corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid) for pain control
  • Assistive devices like braces or orthotics for joint support
  • Joint replacement surgery for severe or end-stage cases

A personalized treatment plan helps patients maintain mobility, manage pain, and enhance their quality of life.

Lifestyle Tips for Managing Osteoarthritis

In addition to medical treatment, certain lifestyle modifications can greatly help in managing osteoarthritis:

  • Maintain a healthy weight to ease joint strain
  • Engage in regular low-impact activities like walking, cycling, or swimming
  • Follow a balanced diet rich in calcium, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids
  • Avoid repetitive joint stress and maintain proper posture
  • Use hot and cold therapy for temporary pain relief

Why Choose Dr. Aditi Patankar Deshpande for Osteoarthritis Care?

Dr. Aditi Patankar Deshpande provides advanced and compassionate care for patients with Osteoarthritis. With her expertise in rheumatology and joint health, she focuses on accurate diagnosis, personalized therapy, and long-term management — helping patients reduce pain, restore mobility, and maintain an active, fulfilling lifestyle.

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