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Sjögren’s Syndrome

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Sjögren’s Syndrome

Sjögren’s Syndrome

Sjögren’s Syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the glands responsible for producing moisture. This leads to symptoms such as dry eyes, dry mouth, and sometimes affects other organs like the skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, and nerves.

Sjögren’s Syndrome can occur alone (primary form) or alongside other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus (secondary form). Early diagnosis and appropriate management are key to preventing complications and improving comfort.

Common Symptoms of Sjögren’s Syndrome

Symptoms vary depending on which glands and organs are affected. The most common signs include:

  • Persistent dry eyes (burning, itching, or feeling of sand in eyes)
  • Dry mouth, difficulty swallowing, or increased dental cavities
  • Swelling of salivary glands (especially in front of the ears)
  • Joint pain, stiffness, or fatigue
  • Dry skin, nose, or throat
  • In severe cases, inflammation of kidneys, lungs, or nerves

Causes & Risk Factors

The exact cause of Sjögren’s Syndrome is not fully understood, but it’s believed to be a result of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors that trigger an abnormal immune response. Risk factors include:

  • Gender: Women are more commonly affected than men.
  • Age: Most often diagnosed in people over 40 years old.
  • Autoimmune link: Often associated with conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.
  • Genetic predisposition: Family history of autoimmune diseases increases risk.
  • Viral infections: May act as triggers in genetically susceptible individuals.

Diagnosis of Sjögren’s Syndrome

Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. The process may include:

  • Detailed medical history and symptom review
  • Blood tests for antibodies (Anti-SSA/Ro, Anti-SSB/La)
  • Schirmer’s test to measure tear production
  • Salivary gland biopsy or imaging to assess gland inflammation
  • Eye examinations to evaluate dryness and corneal health

Early detection helps prevent severe dryness-related complications and organ involvement.

Treatment & Management of Sjögren’s Syndrome

While there is no permanent cure for Sjögren’s Syndrome, treatment focuses on relieving dryness, controlling inflammation, and preventing complications. Options include:

  • Artificial tears and saliva substitutes for dryness relief
  • Medications to stimulate saliva and tear production (Pilocarpine, Cevimeline)
  • Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs for systemic involvement
  • Topical corticosteroids for eye or skin inflammation
  • Regular dental care to prevent tooth decay and infections
  • Lifestyle modifications and hydration to reduce dryness

With proper care and monitoring, most patients can effectively manage symptoms and maintain a good quality of life.

Lifestyle & Self-Care Tips

Simple lifestyle changes can greatly improve comfort and help manage Sjögren’s Syndrome:

  • Stay hydrated — drink plenty of water throughout the day
  • Avoid smoking and alcohol as they worsen dryness
  • Use a humidifier at home to keep air moist
  • Follow regular dental and eye check-ups
  • Maintain a balanced diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids
  • Protect eyes from wind and sun exposure

Why Choose Dr. Aditi Patankar Deshpande for Sjögren’s Syndrome Care?

Dr. Aditi Patankar Deshpande provides expert diagnosis and comprehensive management for patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome. With her experience in autoimmune and systemic rheumatologic conditions, she focuses on personalized care — combining advanced medical treatment with lifestyle guidance to help patients manage dryness, reduce inflammation, and enhance daily well-being.

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